System for heating and ventilating houses



N0. 6||,359. Patented Sept. 27, I898.

W. D. DICKSUN.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

4 Sheets-Sheet lv (Application filed Apr. 30. 1892.)

(N6 Model.)

N0. 6|l,359. Patented Sept. 212. I898.

W. D. DICKSON.

SYSTEM FDR HEATING AND VENTILATIENG HOUSES.

(Application flied Apr. ab, 1592.)

4 Sweaty-S heet 2.

(No Model.)

m: NORRIS Perms 120., PKOTn-LWHO" wnsnmm'ou. 0.0.

IIIlIlIl 4, Sheets-Sheet 3.

Inueiflbr' 3. ink/M Patented Sept. 27, [898.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

N0 amass (No Model) l [H H lUflneaJw da /7J6 mu 1: News PETERS co,PHoTaumm VIASHINGYON. n. c,

No. 611,359. v

Patented Sept. 27, I898. W. D. DICKSUN.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

(Application filed Apr. 30, 1892.)

(No Model.)

. 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

mt STATES PATENT hrice.

IVILLIAM D. DICKSON, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

SYSTEM FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING HOUSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 61 1,359, datedSeptember 27, 1898.

' Application filed April 30, 1392- serial No. 431,229. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern I Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. DIOKSON,acitizen of the United States, residing at Peoria, in the county ofPeoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Systems for Heating and Ventilating Houses; and I dohereby declare that the following is-a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, which will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in systemsfor heating and ventilating buildings.

More particularly my invention relates to a system for heating andventilating in which the natural laws controlling theair are utilized inconnection with certain mechanical parts and constructions to obtain thedesired results.

I'Ieretofore systems for heating and ventilating have been separate anddistinct-that is, the heating system for a building was a separate anddistinct means employed, performing the one particular function throughthe means provided, and the ventilating system or the means provided forventilating the same building, if any were provided at all, was entirelyseparate and distinct from the heating system and in no way dependentthereon or auxiliary thereto in the performing of its particularfunction. In my system I have made the ventilating system auxiliary toand dependent upon the heating system that is, I provide a heatingsystem and so arrange the means employed that it will facilitate theventilation-that is, the heat from the heating system by the propercommunication with the ventilating system will cause or produce acondition in the ventilating system that will render itoperative for thepurpose designed.

My invention consists, essentially, in the arranging of heat andventilating flues,.rela tively of the same proportion, side by side, ofa heat source for supplying the necessary heat to the heat-fines of thesystem and also to the ventilating-flues by radiation through thedividing-partitions or through openings in said partitions by directcommunication from the heat source with the vent-fines to cause ararefaction of air in the ventilatingflues, whereby an upward currentwill be established therein, so that when the system is appliedpractically,with a heat-flue communicating with an apartment of abuilding, it will supply the necessary heat for the said compartment,and a ventilating-flue arranged side by side with the heat-flne andopening "out of the said apartment and extending upsaid coil-box hascertain details of construe-- tion adapting it for the particularpurpose that will hereinafter be particularly explained. Also I providea room for receiving the necessary supply of fresh air to be heatedeither by the coils I provide or by other suitable means to provide theheatfor the heat flues, and a duct communicating with and drawing airfrom the attic of a building, and of certain other details ofconstruction hereinafter more particularly pointed out in thespecification and claims and indicated by reference to the drawings. I

That my invention may be more fully understood reference is had to theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view showingmy system for heating and ventilating as applied to a building, only somuch of the building being shown as is deemed necessary to illustratethe manner of applying the system for practical use in connection with abuilding. Fig. 2 is a detail view showing the application of a coil-boXto a heat-flue and showing the coil-box as being substantially a part ofthe flue or a continuation of the same or a formation thereof, adaptingit to receive the steamcoils and also shown in connection therewith.Fig. 3 is a front view of the coil-box proper. Fig. i is a sectionalView showing a portion of the baseof a heat-flue and a vent flue andshowing the relative adjustment and arrangement with relation to eachother and the application of the coil-box to the base of the fines andthe actual construction of the coil-box, minus the steani-coil designedto be contained therein. Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through theflues and a portion of the building in which they are located. Fig. 6 isa section through the line X X of Fig. 5 and shows particularly thearrangement of the fiues. Fig. 7 is a section showing in detail thegeneral character of the dividing-partitions and also showing an openingor communicating passage-way from a heat-flue into a ventfiue and alsoshowing a deflecting-plate in a heat-flue purposed to direct the heattherefrom and into an adjacent compartment, which deflector may also bemade to serve as a dividing-partition, if desired, in the heat-flue,separating it from a portion above which is a continuation of the samefine, but being used as a Ventilating-flue. Fig. 8 is a detail viewshowing a front elevation of heat and vent flues and the manner ofcombining the same to adapt them for use in connection with afirst-floor compartment and a compartment on the second floor of abuilding, and they may be used, as shown in solid lines, entirelyseparate, or they may be combined, as shown in dotted lines inconnection with the solid lines, to heat and ventilate two compartments,one above the other. Fig. 9 is also a detail view showing the manner ofarranging the heat and vent fiues when used for heating compartments alllocated upon the same floor. Fig. 10 is a detail view showing thearrangement of the flues and the application of the same for heatingthree sets of compartments, one above the other, making six oompartmentsin all, as is necessary in heating a three-story building.

In the drawings, A B 0 show the floors of a building.

D is a stack or battery of f1 ues, which may be constructed in themanner shown in the drawingsviz., a rectangular wall may be built up andmay be divided by thick partitions, as a b, to form the separate fiues Eand l, which may be adapted for use one as a smoke-flue and the otherfora dry-closet flue, as I would use them in constructing buildings, andthe stack may further be divided by means of the thin partitions o c c cc c, which may be of any suitable material, as sheet metal or brick, orthe fines may be built up in any suitable manner, so long as they arearranged so that portions of heating and ventilating flues overlap eachother through a portion of their height.

The series of lines formed by means of the partitions, as above noted,are designated by R, S, T, U, V, W, X, E, and E, which said fines arebuilt up side by side, and, as shown in the drawings, the adjacent fineshave partitions in common, although the arrangement of the flues may besomewhat modified, so that the principle of operation desired to beemployed may be carried out by a slightlymodified means substantiallyequivalent to the same shown in the drawings.

Referring to Fig. 5, it will be noted, as has been previously stated inthe short description of the said figure, that a vertical section istaken through the flues, and in the said figure R is avent-flue andmaybe constructed in connection with a main battery of fiues and isdesigned in this particular application to ventilate a hallway in abuilding. S is a heat-flue open at its base and connects with anapartment through the register-opening S in the wall, a portion of whichis shown in the drawings and designated by S the said register-openin gbeing located, preferably, at a point near to the top of the room, andthe flue may be divided horizontally by means of the partition S ifdesired, or a curved deflector may be placed in the flue in suchposition with relation to the register-opening as to properly deflectthe heat toward said register-opening.

Referring to Fig. 7, a deflector of the kind mentioned is indicated by SS is an opening in the wall or common partition between adjacent heatand vent flues. S is a hood over the said openingprojecting outwardlywithin theheat-fiue. This is only one of many means that may be employedfor injecting a small quantity of heat into a ventilating-flue with aview of rarefying the air therein. I might use ducts of any suitablecharacter leading from the source of heat to the vent-flues, as willreadily be understood, and I have only shown this particular means inorder that I may indicate my desire to inject hot air into theventilating-fines to rarefy the air therein, but desire to employ anysuitable means for accomplishing this object. S is a box placed at thebottom of flue S and is designed to contain steam-coils, the particularand detailed construction of said box being shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4of the drawings, and by reference to said figures it will be seen thatthe said box may be simply a continuation of the flue from its normalbase, or a box of any suitable material-as, for instance, sheetmetal-may be attached thereto. I prefer to use the sheet-metal box, andin its construction is made wider than the heat-flue proper and ofsufficient width to overlap the adjacent ventilating-fiue one-half ofits width. The box is also made to extend outwardly and forward from thefines some little distance in order that room may be provided for asuificient number of'coils to be placed therein to provide aproperamount of heating capacity.

Referring to Fig. 4 particularly, we will assume that the portions offlues therein shown are the fines shown in the other figures anddesignated by R and S. S is the coil-box proper, which has an opening inits top portion matching with the opening in the base of the flues S,the base of vent-flue R being closed. The coil-box is designed tocontain coils S, which may be arranged in any suitable manner therein. Sis an opening in the coil-box,which is designed to be located above thesurface of the coils within the coil-box. S is a damper hinged to thelower edge of the. said opening. S is a chain connected with said damperand carried upwardly and leading to the room which is heated by theheat-flue S and in such position that it may be reached and operatedconveniently, the damper S being so adjusted with relation to the coilsthat when lowered it will cover the same completely and when raised toits maximum height will close the opening S in the side of the coil-box.The manipulation of the damper facilitates in the regulation of theheat-supply to the flue S, and the particular and detailed operation ofthe same will hereinafter be more particularly described-in the shortdescription of the operation of the system hereinafter given. S is anopening in the bottom of the coil-box which is provided to admit airinto the box to pass between and circulate around the coils and when soheated to be conducted through the heatflue S to the compartment withwhich said flue communicates. S is a slide supported in suitable clipsat the bottom of the box and designed to regulate the supply of air tothe coils. It may be adjusted to open the coilbox to the full size ofthe opening therein or to partially open the same, or it may close theopening entirely, as may be desired. The circumstances requiring saidmanipulation will hereinafter be more particularly specifled.

Referring to Fig. 5, T is the heat-flue,open at its base andcommunicating with an apartment through the register-opening T in thewall of the room and a section of which is designated by T the fluebeing divided at the floor-line by means ofthe cross-partition T and adeflector, the same as used in flue S, may be placed therein forproperly deflecting the air. T is a ventilating-flue which, togetherwith the portion of the flue designatedby T, forms the complete flue T.T is a register-opening in the wall of a compartment, a portion of whichis designated by T this register opening being preferably located nearto the floor-line. The register-opening S is designed to admit the airfrom the heatflue S into a compartment, and the registeropening T isdesigned to indicate the portion of the dividing-partition S that iscommon to heat-flue S and the Vent-flue T and in the operation theradiation of the heat therethrough will rarefy the air in theventilating flue,causin g a draft upwardly therein. T refers to acoil-box which is exactly the same in detailed construction as coil-boxS and opens into and supplies heat to heat-flues T. U is a ventilatingflue, as has been previously stated, the same being closed at its base.U is a register-opening in the wall of a room adjacent thereto, aportion of the wall beingindicated by U Theregister-opening T 'from theheat fiue T is designed to conducthot air into a given room and theregister-opening U into the ventilating-flue U is designed to conductthe vitiated air therefrom. As shown in the drawings, the said heatingand ventilating flues, provided with the register-openings S T and U,are arranged to supply and provide the necessary heat and to ventilatetwo rooms located in front of said flues or adjacent thereto. V is aheat-flue open at its base and communicating with an apartment throughregister-opening V in the wall of the room. V is a partition in the saidflue above the said register-opening, and a deflecting-plate may also beused in addition to the said partition or in place of it to divide theflues and to properly deflect the air to the register-opening V or theone or the other of the said parts maybe omitted, as may be desired, thepurpose being that the flues shall be so divided as to properly conductthe hot air into a given compartment and the vitiated air therefrom. Vis a coil-box communicating with the baseof the flue V to supply heatthereto by means of the hot air from the steam-coils therein. W is alsoa hot-air flue provided with the register-open ing W into a room. W isapartition above the said register-opening dividing the fine, and adeflector. may be provided therein in addition to the saiddividing-partition, or the one or the other may be used alone withoutthe other. W is a coil-box for supplying heat to the said flue. V is theupper portion of the complete flue W and serves in this construction asa ventilating-flue. W is a register-opening therein which communicateswith a compartment, the ventilating-flue being open at the top forcommunicating with the open air. X is a ventilating-flue closed at itsbase and provided with a register-opening X therein which communicateswith an apartment. The resister-openings V W W and X are designed tocommunicate with two compartments, one above the other, and tofacilitate the heating and ventilating of the same.

A short description of the operation of the fines as arranged and shownin Fig. 5 may be given, as follows: Heat rising in heat-flue S willsupply the heat for a given compartment and by radiation through thepartition T will rarefy the air in ventilating-flue T causing a drafttherein which will extract from the said compartment the vitiated air,and it also happens in the arrangement of the fines that the radiationfrom. the said heat-flue will rarefy the air in ventilatingflue R,causing adraft therein which will extract the vitiated atmosphere froman adjacent hallway. Heat from flue T will sup ply the necessary hot airfor a given compartment and by radiation through the. partition T willrarefy the air in the ventilating-flue U, which communicates with theregisterto be extracted therefrom. X is a heat-fine which communicateswith a compartment. X

is a ventilating-flue. X is a partition between the two fiues. The heatin the heat-fine by radiation through the partition will rarefy the airin the said vent-fine, causing a draft therein which will cause thevitiated air in the compartment with which said vent-fine communicatesto be extracted therefrom. F is a room at the base of the combined finesand within which the coil-boxes at the base of the said fines arelocated, which said room is designed to receive a supply of fresh air,and in this drawing I have shown the supply of fresh air as coming fromthe upper portion of the building, the shaft for that purpose beingdesignated by G, which opens into the said room through the opening G. Gis a trap-door which may be placed over the top of the said shaft. G isa cord which may be provided for operating the said door to raise it orto lower it, the said cord working over the pulley G The fresh air maybe supplied by any suitable meansby a duct opening directly from theside of the building into said room or in any other suitable mannerthemeans herein shown being only one of many that may be employed.

In Fig. 8 of the drawings I have shown in detail the arrangement of twofines J K and L M side by side, having register-openings J K and L M,(one fine for heat and one for vent,) and showing portions of each fineoverlapping and having a common partition. I have shown this arrangementof fines both for the first floor of the building and for the secondfloor of the building and show how they may be constructed the oneindependent of the other-that is, how they may be arranged for heatingone room on one floor and how they may be arranged for heating one roomon the second floor-and I have shown the same combined-that is, I haveindicated by dotted lines how the second-floor heat and vent may becombined with the first-floor heat and ventto simplify construction.This figure shows fully my preferred manner of arranging the lines toderive heat from the heat-fines by radiation to rarefy the air in thevent-fine.

In Fig. 9 I have shown the arrangement of my fines to facilitate theheating of rooms which are all located upon one floor or the manner ofadapting the system for use in connection with one-story buildings, thefigure showing the arrangement of the fines to accommodate the heatingof rooms on opposite sides thereof, N and P being heat-fines having theregister-openings N and P, and O and Q refer to vent-fines havingregisteropenings 0 and Q, and as the rooms are multiplied in a buildingall that is necessary to do is to supply new batteries of fines, the

same as shown in this figure, to accommodate the heating of rooms on theopposite sides of fines so arranged.

In Fig. 10 I have shown an arrangement of my fiues and ventilating onthe first, second, and third fioors of a building, these rooms beingarranged in pairs on either side of said fines, thus making six rooms inall. In applying the system for heating and ventilating six rooms it isnecessary for me to add two extra fines for heat and two coil-boxes, andI obtain the necessary ventilating-fines by the continuation of theother heat-fines of the system. H represents one of the heatfines, H theregister-opening therein, and H the coil-box therefor. I also representsthe heat-flue for the third story, I the registeropening therein, and Ia coil-box for supplying heat to the fine. H is a ventilating-fine, andH is a register-opening therein. I is a ventilating-flue, and I is aregister-opening therein.

In the drawings and specification I have shown the system adapted foruse in connection with one, two, and three story buildings. I have shownsubstantially the manner in which I prefer to arrange the fines; but Imay arrange them differently-that is, I may combine the finesdifferently in order to accommodate them for a particular use or topeculiar constructions of buildings that would render a modification ofthe plan herein shown necessary. In fact, many modifications may be madeof the detailed construction of the separate banks of fines; but Idesire always to maintain the arrangement I have shown in thedrawingsthat is, their arrangement side by side and their separation bya common wall or dividing-partition, as it renders the constructionsimple.

I might separate the fines entirelythat is, a heat-fine and avent-fiuethns destroying the common dividing-wall, and communicate heatto the ventilating-fine by means of a pipe leading from the coil-box orfrom any suitable source; but the construction I have shown I deem thesimplest and the most practical way of applying the principle I desireto employthat is, the heating of the air in the ventilating-fine tocause a draft therein to facilitate in proper ventilation.

It will be noted in the drawings that in heating a two-story buildingfour coil-boxes are employed, which is the number that I can mostconveniently employ in connection with a battery of fines, and it willbe noted that these coil-boxes are arranged side by side and that eachone extends over the base of the heat-fine and overlaps a portion of thenext fine. This arrangement enables me to gain the required space belowthe fines and I deem it the best manner of arranging a coil-box for thepurpose and consider it one of the salient points in the construction ofthe system.

In applying my system of heating and ventilating for use the fines arearranged sub- 1 stantially in the manner shown in the drawingsthat is, aseries of fines are employed and arranged side by side and built uptogether, forming what I call a battery, and in the construction ofthese fines I prefer that therein and cause the necessary draft.

The operation of the system as disclosed in the drawings is very simple.The parts having been arranged in the manner shown in the drawings andsteam having been passed through the coils in the coil-boxes and it isdesired that heat shall be supplied to the various apartments in abuilding, the slides, as S in Fig. 4:, being drawn out to open thebottom of the coil-box, air from the room F will be admitted into thecoil-boxes and will circulate between the coils therein and will beheated,and the dampers, as 8, (shown in Fig. 4,) being raised the heatwill rise and pass up through the different heat-flues and will bedischarged into the rooms to be heated. The necessary supply of freshand pure air may be derived, as Ihave shown in the drawings, from theattic of a building, which is open to admit of a free circulation of theair therethrough, and may be conducted to the fresh-air room by means ofthe trap-door G provided with the cord G3 and pulley G which will enablethe trap-door to be raised or lowered at will; or the air may beadmitted into the fresh-air room in any suitable manner-that is, it maybe taken directly through a lattice window opening into the room orthrough an ordinary duct opening out from the foundation or the wall.The supply of air entering the coil-boxes at the bottom portions thereofmay be regulated so as to admit much or little, as may be de sired, bymeans of the slides, as 8, (shown in Fig. 4,) one of such slides beingprovided for each coil-box. The volume of hot air and the temperaturethereof are designed to be regulated by persons in the different rooms,and this regulation is accomplished through and by means of the dampersS and the cords, as S as shown in Fig. 4:, one of which said cords isdesigned to be connected with one of the dampers of the coil-boxes, andeach cord for a particular room is connected with the damper of thecoil-box which supplies the heat for said room. By lowering the damperdown over the coils the supply of heat maybe entirely shut off, whichwill leave the opening S in the portion of the coil-box above the coils,which will admit cool or cold air into the heat-hue. to its maximumheight will close the opening S in the box, thus allowing the heat topass freely up through the flue and from the coils at the temperaturecaused by the contact of the steam-coil, and by adjusting the dampers Sat intermediate points fresh and cold air will be allowed to enter thecoil-box through the opening S and mingle with the hot air from thecoils to modify the temperature Raising the damper thereof to obtain thedesired degree of heat in the rooms.

The ventilation of the different rooms is accomplished through and bymeans of the ventilating flues, as has been previously stated, beingarranged side by side with heatflues and overlapping the same and havingcommon partitions of a good heat-conducting medium, so that as the heatarises in the heat-fines and supplies the hot air for a given roomradiation through the said partitions between the heat and vent flueswill cause heat to be conducted into the ventilating-flue, causing ararefaction of the air therein, which will result in a strong upwarddraft leading to points without the building and also resulting in astrong draft from the rooms and opening into said flues, which willcause the vitiated air therein to be abstracted therefrom-that is, afree and strong circulation of air will be maintained in the said room.The air in its complete circulation, starting from the outside of thebuilding, enters the freshair room F, passes through these difierentcoil-boXes and through the different heatflues, and is discharged intothe different rooms and passes out into the different ventilating-fluesand from thence is conducted to points without the building, thus makinga complete and full circulation through the different rooms in thebuilding and supplying a large quantity of pure and fresh air, which iskept in constant motion or movement Within the compartments Without thenecessity of using auxiliary means for circulating fresh air forventilation-as, for instance, the use of a fanas my system arranged inthis manner and operated as above stated will supply a larger volume ofair in a given length of time than any other means I have employed orhave seen tested.

I do not wish to be confined to the exact construction and arrangementof the parts as herein disclosed, but desire to include in my claim allequivalent means that may be employed for the same purpose.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of the fines T S, separated by means of thesheet-metal partition T provided with the opening 8", therein the flueS, having the register-opening S and provided below with the compartmentS through which the heat is supplied from within or without, the flue Tbeing provided for ventilation and provided with the registeropening T,so that the heat rising through the heat flue S enters an adjacent roomthrough the register S circulates through the room, and the heatedpartition T causing the air in the ventilating-flue T to be heated, theair therein rising produces adraft from the adjacent room through theregisteropening T thus bearing out of the room air therein contained,and producing a perfect circulation and consequent perfect ventilation,all substantially as described and set forth.

2. In a heating and ventilating system, the fiues U, T, S separated bythe thin partition of some ready heat-conducting medium, flue S forheat-flue, U for vent, and flue Tdivided vertically at or near thefloor-line and the part below the floor for heat and the part above thefloor for vent, in combination with two rooms one above the other intowhich the heated air is delivered from the heat-fines and from which thefoul air passes into the vent-Hues.

3. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination with theheat-flue S, of the compartment or box S provided with slide S and thetrap-door S, for regulating the supply of heat to the heat-flue, allsubstantially as described and shown.

4. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination with aheat-fiue,of the compartment or boX S provided with the slide 8, and thetrap-door S and the steam-coil contained within the said boX orreceptacle, all substantially as described and shown.

5. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination of theair-shaft G, provided at its top with the trap-door G provided withsuitable means for raising and lowering the same, the hot-air room F,the compartment or box S provided with slide S and the trap-door S, theheat-'[iues S T V V, and the vent-fines T U, W and X separated bysheet-metal partitions, all substantially" as described and shown.

6. In a system for heating and ventilating, the combination, with twocompartments, arranged, one above the other, of three fines arrangedside by side successively, and so that one outside fiue will be for heatextending from below the first floor, up near the top of the secondfloor, the other outside line for vent extending the full height of thetwo rooms and opening out at a point above, the intermediate fluedivided horizontally by a partition at or near the floor-line betweenthe compartments, the lower part for heat and the upper part for vent,each of said fines or sections thereof having suitable communicationwith said compartments or one of them.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM D. DICKSON.

Witnesses:

R. N. MCoRMIcK, W. V. TEFFT.

